ARFID is a unique eating disorder because it does not typically have a focus on negative body image or a drive for thinness, although these may be present for some individuals. People coping with ARFID have a decreased interest in food accompanied by weight loss. They may be called a “picky eater” in childhood since they have a limited number of foods that they are comfortable eating, and there are foods that they do not like the texture or taste of and they generally don’t feel safe eating and do not enjoy.
But this disorder should not be minimized calling it “picky eating” because it can lead to a decreased quality of life with health and social issues connected to it. ARFID can lead to distress because of the many rules and limitations it causes in one’s life. Upset stomach, digestive issues and abdomoinal pain are common in ARFID and treatment can help to resolve these. A person with ARFID may also have swallowing issues and/or a possible history of choking that can be part of the disorder. For some individuals Autism Spectrum Disorder may be connected to a diagnosis of ARFID.
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by restrictive eating patterns, but unlike anorexia, it doesn't necessarily involve a preoccupation with body image or fear of weight gain. Here are some signs and symptoms of ARFID:
1. Extreme Picky Eating.
2. Fear of New Foods.
3. Sensory Sensitivities.
4. Weight Loss or Nutritional Deficiencies.
5. Avoidance Due to Negative Experiences.
6. Interference with Daily Functioning.
7. Limited Food Intake.
8. Gastrointestinal Distress.
9. Emotional or Psychological Distress.
10. Inadequate Growth in Children.
ARFID can be challenging to diagnose and treat because it often involves complex interactions between psychological, sensory, and behavioral factors. If someone is exhibiting these symptoms, it might be helpful to consult a healthcare professional specializing in eating disorders or a registered dietitian to assess the situation and determine appropriate interventions.
The causes and risk factors for ARFID are multifaceted and can involve a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental influences. Here are some key factors that might contribute to the development of ARFID:
1. Genetic Predisposition.
2. Sensory Sensitivities.
3. Negative Food Experiences.
4. Psychological Factors.
5. Family Dynamics.
6. Developmental Factors.
7. Medical Conditions.
8. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
9. Temperament and Personality.
10. Socioeconomic and Cultural Factors.
Understanding the complex interplay of these factors is important for effective treatment and support. Addressing ARFID often involves a multidisciplinary approach, including psychological counseling, nutritional guidance, and support for managing sensory sensitivities and anxiety.
ARFID can lead to a range of complications due to its impact on nutrition, growth, and overall health. Here are some common complications associated with ARFID:
1. Nutritional Deficiencies such as vitamin and mineral deficiencies or protein-energy malnutrition.
2. Physical Health Issue such as weight loss and growth delays, gastrointestinal problems, weakened immune system and even bone health issues.
3. Psychological and Social Impact such as mental health challenges, social isolation and overall impact on quality of life.
4. Developmental Issues in Children such as delayed cognitive and physical development, and behavioral and emotional issues.
5. Long-Term Health Risks like cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and can even impact reproductive health.
Managing ARFID effectively requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both the psychological and physical aspects of the disorder. Treatment often involves a team of healthcare professionals, including psychologists, dietitians, and medical doctors, to ensure that all aspects of the disorder are addressed and complications are managed.
Treating ARFID typically requires a multifaceted approach, tailored to the individual’s specific needs and the severity of their symptoms.
A Rago & Associates, we leverage different psychotherapy methods such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure therapy and family-based therapy (FBT).
In addition to therapy, our dietitians and nutritionists are here to help with dietary counseling, meal planning and guidance on nutritional supplements.
Looking for trusted eating disorder therapy centers in Chicago and nearby areas?
Our seasoned therapists utilize evidence-based approaches to support recovery in a welcoming environment. Whether you’re seeking help for yourself or a loved one, our centers are conveniently located throughout the Chicago area, ensuring you find the right support close to home.
Let us be your partner on the journey to healing and recovery.
Considering help? Feel free to email Dr. Maria Rago, counseling director at Rago & Associates. She will personally read it and connect you with the services and people she believes can best help you or your loved one.
